Free Windows Help Tutorials sponsored by inkjet printer cartridges dot org /title> <META HTTP-EQUIV="imagetoolbar" CONTENT="no"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=ISO 8859-1"> <META name="description" Content="Hundreds of downloadable Windows help tutorials, articles and how-to guides sponsored by inkjet printer cartridges dot org."><style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <body bgcolor=#999999 vlink=blue link=blue> <span name = "INTRA" class="pg" style="top:0px; left:5px; width:714px; height:1010px"></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:0px; left:5px; height:1010px; width:714px' class='img'> <img src="pg0001im.png" height = "1010 width = "714" border="0"> </span> <span class='nav' style='left: 10px; top: 10px'><pre></pre></span><span name = "INTRA" style='top:51px; left:559px' class="ft6"><pre><font face='Helvetica'>Problem Solving:Internet</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:104px; left:190px' class="ft3"><pre><font face='Arial'><b>Understanding</b></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:154px; left:240px' class="ft3"><pre><font face='Arial'><b>Traceroute</b></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:248px; left:131px' class="ft2"><pre><font face='Arial'><i><b>One</b></i> <i><b>of</b></i> <i><b>the</b></i> <i><b>most</b></i> <i><b>effective</b></i> <i><b>tools</b></i> <i><b>for</b></i> <i><b>hunting</b></i> <i><b>down</b></i> <i><b>problems</b></i> <i><b>on</b></i> <i><b>an</b></i> <i><b>errant</b></i> <i><b>network</b></i></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:268px; left:135px' class="ft2"><pre><font face='Arial'><i><b>is</b></i> <i><b>probably</b></i> <i><b>already</b></i> <i><b>installed</b></i> <i><b>on</b></i> <i><b>your</b></i> <i><b>machine.</b></i> <i><b>Traceroute</b></i> <i><b>can</b></i> <i><b>be</b></i> <i><b>useful</b></i> <i><b>to</b></i> <i><b>help</b></i></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:289px; left:251px' class="ft2"><pre><font face='Arial'><i><b>solve</b></i> <i><b>problems</b></i> <i><b>for</b></i> <i><b>you</b></i> <i><b>and</b></i> <i><b>your</b></i> <i><b>users.</b></i></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:321px; left:578px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>By Clive Grace</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:396px; left:77px' class="ft0"><pre><font face='Arial'><b>B</b></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:400px; left:109px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>andwidth hogging</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:400px; left:227px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>games</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:400px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>(sometimes called media protocols) such</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:401px; left:466px' class="ft2"><pre><font face='Arial'><i><b>What</b></i> <i><b>Is</b></i> <i><b>Traceroute?</b></i></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:412px; left:109px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>aside, network outages open up</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:412px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>as Ethernet that help shunt data along</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:424px; left:109px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>a can of worms for network sup </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:424px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>specific routes intended for specific des </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:423px; left:480px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Traceroute started life as a simple</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:436px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>port, and knowing where (and how) to</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:436px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>tinations. Above TCP/IP lie protocols</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:435px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>command line diagnostic tool for local</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:448px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>look for network problems is often the</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:448px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>used by applications such as HTTP</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:447px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>area networks. Results are presented</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:460px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>first and best way to form a solution.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:460px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>(HyperText Transport Protocol) for</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:459px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>as rows of information, with each line</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:472px; left:91px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>One of the most commonly used</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:472px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Web browsers, NNTP (Network News</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:471px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>showing a node the packet visited along</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:484px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>and freely available tools at your dis </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:484px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Transport Protocol) for Usenet news</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:483px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>the way to its destination. Each node</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:496px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>posal is Traceroute, which uses</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:496px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>readers and SMTP (Simple Mail Trans </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:495px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>represents one set of choices (or hops)</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:508px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>TCP/IP to carry and return data relat </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:508px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>port Protocol) for the transport of Mail.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:507px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>made by successive routers to deliver</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:520px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>ing to packets that describes how and</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:520px; left:286px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>These protocols are managed by ap </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:519px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>data. Data might not always follow the</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:532px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>where data originates and (in some</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:532px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>plications your users are using.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:531px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>same path, even to the same destina </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:544px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>cases) returns from.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:544px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Whether it's a Web browser, a server,</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:543px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>tion, and it is for this reason that Tracer </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:556px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>an email client, or even generic TCP/IP</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:555px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>oute is invaluable in hunting down slow</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:570px; left:77px' class="ft2"><pre><font face='Arial'><i><b>Protocols</b></i></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:568px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>support built into Windows 95 (such as</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:567px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>or non existent network connections.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:580px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>application auto updaters), the proto </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:592px; left:91px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>TCP/IP is the lingua franca of the</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:592px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>col exists so that each application</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:593px; left:466px' class="ft2"><pre><font face='Arial'><i><b>How</b></i> <i><b>It</b></i> <i><b>Works</b></i></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:605px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Internet. It's the way the Internet en </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:604px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>group can exchange data with the cor </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:617px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>ables processes on different host com </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:617px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>responding servers using TCP/IP.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:615px; left:480px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Traceroute's function is very sim </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:629px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>puters to communicate using a</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:629px; left:286px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>When users send email messages or</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:627px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>ple. Although some PC packages make</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:641px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'> connectionless </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:641px; left:170px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>method</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:641px; left:220px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>through</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:641px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>request a connection to a Web server,</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:639px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>very good use of the PC's graphical</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:653px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>which data is delivered from machine to</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:653px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>the message is broken into packets and</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:651px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>interfaces literally mapping the con </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:665px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>machine. Connectionless protocols send</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:665px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>transmitted. These packets travel</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:663px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>nection paths between nodes these</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:677px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>data down the line without first setting</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:677px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>along different paths depending on</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:675px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>implementations rarely vary dramati </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:689px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>up a connection (as opposed to connec </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:689px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>their type, whereupon the complete</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:687px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>cally from the Unix sources from</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:701px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>tion oriented protocols which establish a</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:701px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>message is rebuilt at its destination.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:699px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>which they were built (in fact, there's a</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:713px; left:77px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>connection before data is transmitted).</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:713px; left:286px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>You can trace the route these pack </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:711px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>command line port of the Unix Tracer </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:725px; left:91px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Below TCP/IP sit various methods</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:725px; left:272px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>ets take by using Traceroute.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:723px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>oute supplied with Windows 95 called</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:735px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>TRACERT.EXE).</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:747px; left:480px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Traceroute uses ICMP (Internet</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:761px; left:88px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'>Microsoft(R) Windows 98</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:759px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Control Message Protocol) to attempt</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:770px; left:101px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'>(C)Copyright Microsoft Corp 1981 1998.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:772px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>to trace the path an IP packet takes as</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:787px; left:88px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'>C:\WINDOWS>tracert</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:784px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>it wends its way towards its intended</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:796px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>host by initiating UDP probe packets</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:805px; left:88px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'>Usage: tracert [ d] [ h maximum_hops] [ j host list] [ w timeout] target_name</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:808px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>with a TTL (Time To Live) which then</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:823px; left:88px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'>Options:</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:820px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>listens for an ICMP time exceeded </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:831px; left:105px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'> d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:832px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>reply from a gateway.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:840px; left:105px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'> h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:844px; left:480px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Traceroutes start probing with a</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:849px; left:105px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'> j host list Loose source route along host list.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:858px; left:105px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'> w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:856px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>TTL of 1, increasing it by 1 until it</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:868px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>receives an ICMP port unreachable </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:875px; left:88px' class="ft4"><pre><font face='Courier'>C:\WINDOWS></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:880px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>error message which means Tracer </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:892px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>oute either got to the intended destina </font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:904px; left:466px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>tion (the host ), timed out, or hit a</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:906px; left:127px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Figure 1 Output from the Windows 9x Tracert command.</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:946px; left:52px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>Issue 101 (November 1998) page 3</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:946px; left:617px' class="ft1"><pre><font face='Arial'>File: P1815.1</font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:944px; left:261px' class="ft5"><pre><font face='Arial'><b>PC</b> <b>Network</b> <b>Advisor</b></font></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" class='nav' style='left: 357px; top: 1010px'><pre>Next page <a href='page0002.htm'>></a></pre></span> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:1050px; left:50px' class="ft4"><pre><b><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Arial">New!</font><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Arial Narrow"> </font><font size="2" face="Arial">The best sites for quality <a href="http://www.inkjet-printer-cartridges.org">inkjet printer cartridges</a> and the best sites for <a href="http://www.cheap-inkjet-cartridges.com">cheap inkjet cartridges</a></font></b></pre></span></body> <span name = "INTRA" style='top:1100px; left:300px' class="ft4"><pre><b><font color="#FF0000" size="3" face="Arial"><a href="../index.html">Windows Help Desk Home</a> </font></b></pre></span></body></html>